Preamble:
Like most men of my
age, I was put to bed with a bedtime story (what with the TV going
off during the hours of darkness and all that) My mother regaled me
with tales of lost dogs, and children killing witches or been eaten
by wolves, where my father read to me the works of M.R.James (which
explains why I never got any sleep) and Lord of the rings and history
books, (which is why I became a wargamer, and heavy caffeine drinker)
I digress but to cut a long and slightly tall story short I remember
the phrase from one of the history books 'shackled to a corpse'.
Apart from childhood visions of German soldiers marching into battle
alongside zombies the subject of the phrase took my interest.
To the point:
During the First world
war a German officer noted that been allied to Austria was like been
shackled to a corpse. It had a slight ring of truth. But was it, if
you look at the whole picture during the great war, who was shackled
to a corpse?
Central
powers
Austro-Hungarian
empire:
The Austro-Hungarian
empire was a hodge podge of an empire, made up of a dozen countries
with very little in common, the Austrian army spoke a dozen languages
and so English was used to issue orders as English was the only
common language spoken due to amount of people who wanted to live in
America rather than their own country. Some provinces were not all
that loyal, Slavic troops were poorly treated and considered
pro-Russian. Despite this Austria did fight well, considering a war
on 4 fronts if you include Runamia, while been starved of material
and food (most of it going to Germany) and taking up half of the
eastern front the Austrians had a lot to contend with, so Austria did
not do all that badly, although the Austrian army never lived up to
German expectations they did take on considerable odds and still held
the line with a cohesive force intact, unlike the Germans in 1918.
Turkey:
The last vestige of the
crumbling empire, the 'sick man of Europe' possibly so, but again,
turkey fought a very wide campaign. The Turkish troops were no worse
than any other and had long military traditions just like most
nations, although the declaration of Jihad in November of 1914 didn't
seem to help their fighting ability much, the troops did fight well
and proved particularly stubborn without much cajoling. Most of its
troops fought in Russia, and only a hand full defended the line from
Palestine to Iraq, barley more than a picket. So their defeat by the
British was not as surprising to the Germans, especially as turkey
itself cared little for the war in the south as the eastern front was
the most important one to turkey, after all their biggest campaign of
the war was fought in 1918 in Russia.
So the central powers
primary allies were not all that bad, to describe the allience as to
be shackled to a corpse may have been a little disingenuous. Germany
may have been the powerhouse of the central powers, it relied on
Austrian wheat and coal, and certainly was in need of the vast
manpower both of these gave them during the war.
Entente
Powers
England:
At first I should point
out that I was originally thinking that if Germany was the leader of
the central powers then one should assume the British empire as the
leader of the entente powers, however, in reality it was really
France who led the central powers, and France who bore the brunt of
the war, so I will regard England as been 'shackled' to France,
rather than France been the lesser power. So the vast British empire
as an allie of France will be considered here.
Firstly, the vast and
mighty British empire was anything but. London considered its entire
war aim as keeping open the vital jugular vain of merchantmen that
kept the beating hart of the empire alive. Of anyone can be
described as the sick man of Europe Britain would surely fit the
bill. Socially the Empire was falling apart. India was ripe with
revolts, Japan had to put down 2 rebellions by Indian troops during
the war because Britain could not spare the troops. In Africa half a
million imperial troops couldn't pin down one German general with
30,000 men. There were rebellions in South Africa, Ireland and
30,000 British troops had to be kept in northern England to keep law
and order. To be short many of the troops brought in to fight the
war were used to keep order in an increasingly rebellions empire.
The British army was
terribly led, at least at the mid level of command, troops training
was (after the BEF) not all that good, Colonial troops had the
enthusiasm but again were badly led and poorly deployed. What made
things were was the fact there was no grand battle plan. Britain
repeatedly failed to liaise with French and Russian troops on the
western front. Also British artillery was terrible, for instance the
6” howitzer fired 22 million shells during the war, and 8 million
of them never exploded. British munitions had no quality control and
the French even refused to use British artillery, only 2 out of 3
shells ever detonated. Overall all the British were good for was
stopping bullets while the French did the proper fighting holding
Verdun.
The royal navy, the
largest battle fleet ever seen on earth turned out to be an expensive
borble. The fleet was kept in port mostly due to fear of loosing
ships, so much so that Japan and later America were relied upon to
protect Britain's trade routes, which made England look even weaker
to its allies which it would pay for in the next war. When the fleet
was used it fared very badly, poor training and even worse leadership
led to battles that should have been victories.
Russia:
Tsarist Russia is seen
as a bit of a shaky allie of the entente powers. But bare in mind
Russia bore the brunt of the fighting. Russia took on 80% of the
force of the Austrian empire, 70% of the Ottoman empire and drained
millions of Germans from the west, in fact the eastern front took so
many Germans that the Germans entire battle plan for the west was to
hold until troops could be brought back from the east (which took
about 4 years). Overall 60% of German forces were pinned in the
east, another 10-15% were pinned in turkey and Italy. Also despite
fighting the Germans, Austrians and Turks the Russians also managed
to space 20,000 troops for the western front to bolster their allies.
While all this was going on the Russians even found time to have 2
revolutions and a civil war while still fighting for their Entente
allies. To be short the Russians although they can be considered to
be a little unwell were certainly no corpse, and without them
probably both Britain and France would have been eating sausages and
speaking German by 1916.
Summarise:
All in all there were
pro's and cons to all the members of both the central powers and
Entente. I know I haven't mentioned the Italians or Americans and
only mentioned the Japanese a little but by the grand picture none of
these allies amount to a hill of beans, and before any Americans
start to complain by the time they arrived in any useful force a
million German troops dropped dead of influenza there by ending the
war bar the shouting, although they certainly fought with enthusiasm,
even though the war was all but over, if only the top brass would
have realised it. 'hell we just got here'.